Back to the Limestone Barrens Project

 

The Limestone Barrens Project: creative exchange between :

the alvars of the Bruce Peninsula through the Tom Thomson Memorial Art Gallery, Owen Sound, Ontario

the ecological reserves along the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula through the Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Art Gallery

the Burren of Co.Clare through the Model Arts and Niland Gallery, Sligo

The exhibition has completed its tour. A 95 page publication documenting the project and the exhibition and including a cd is available through Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Art Gallery for $30. Cdn.

The Limestone Barrens Project investigates links between three areas: the limestone cliffs and alvars of the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, the Burren in County Clare, Ireland, and the limestone barrens on the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador. Links will be explored through the disciplines of science, visual art and creative writing.   This project asks visual artists working in lens-based media (photography, video, video projection and video installation), writers and other researchers to walk the sites. Scientists, park rangers and others provide the brief and background information for the artists. These walks formed the basis for touring exhibitions, a publication, symposium and other forms of public presentation of the work and the residencies. In addition, schools participated with ongoing projects throughout 2004 and 2005. The exhibition opened at the Sir Wilfred Grenfell College Art Gallery in June 2004; it travelled to the Tom Thomson Memorial Art Gallery in Owen Sound in the Fall/Winter of 2004 and then overseas to the Model Arts and Niland Gallery, Sligo and returned to Canada to The Rooms/Provincial Art Gallery.

Tim Chamberlain was an exchange student from Falmouth School of Art who was attending the Third Year Visual Arts Program at Sir Wilfred Grenfell College in Corner Brook. Following is his response in poetry to the exhibition.

 

moorland apothecary

harsh light.
smoke rising
from black clefts
in contorted limbs of rock.

the screaming faces.

the dark, long-fingered
black-cloaked hag
rips a tormentil flower
that hides from the rasp of tongues.

strange incantations.
a smoldering cauldron,
flame-licked.

she dares the ravens
to cast his foretelling
into her keening mind.

***********************

erratic

sitting amid fields of grass
silent watcher
cresting the escarpments
smoothed, rounded.

stacked stones draw a line
enclosing soft turf; split stone wall
tumbled by weather,
pried by sharp sheep hooves.

Stacked by hand,
sweat ran on the brows of the
wall makers.

wrenched from the soft belly
of a hillside, sharp
shards of slab, houses high

grasped and pushed by the unbearable weight
of an entire mountain, upside down
ice
shearing all softness

when the Sun God was strong
you had been naked long.

How old were you when you first
were wrenched from the belly of your
mother?

how much older and smaller you seem
at our first acquaintance.

Project background:

The Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, the tip of the Northern Peninsula of Newfoundland, and the great limestone Burren of Co. Clare provide geological, botanical and cultural correspondences related to survival and adaptation. While as landscape, the three areas are known for the spectacular rugged beauty of the sculptural limestone outcroppings, the ecological significance of these areas is fascinating.  Limestone barrens, covered with a thin layer of soil, if any at all, and marked by crevices or grikes, support unique ecosystems characterized by extremes-of  temperature, cycles of drought and flooding, frost. Flora and animal life, supremely adapted to living in these harsh conditions, are often rare or endangered. For example, while the limestone barrens on this island represent less than 1% of the total area of the island, they harbor 10% of the province's rare plants. These plants are survivors: usually small, often rare, and always hardy. The limestone environment of the Bruce Peninsula have been described as being home to species at the extreme limits of their normal range. And, in the literature about the Burren in Co. Clare, it is noted that while the flowers found there may not be unique to the barrens, what is unusual, is for such rare plants be found in abundance and together in an environment which combines Mediterranean, Arctic and North American conditions. The Burren , however, stands in marked contrast to the other two areas because its rugged environment is the result of Bronze Age farming practices which turned the area into grazing pastures which eventually encouraged complete erosion of the soil and the exposure of the underlying limestone. Subsequently the region was overrun by the alpine and sub-arctic species of plants. A report on the Watt's Point Ecological Reserve raises the interesting question as to whether the plants in the limestone barrens of Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula live there because they have specific qualities which allow them to grow there or whether they have survived because there is no competition-nothing else can survive in that environment. Are these plants poor competitors or supreme adaptors? Do they live in the barrens because they can't compete in more desirable areas or are they the basis for adaptation and change within the species? Thus, the three regions stand as metaphor for survival and adaptation, on the one hand, and, on the other, fragility. Linked as they are through history and culture, similar geology and botany, they also raise questions about exchange, edges and cultural attitudes towards "Nature", environmentalism, conservation, cultural tourism and landscape.

 We see the Limestone Barrens Project as an opportunity to engage the scientific communities as well as the broader non-academic commmunity. It is also an opportunity to develop a model for meaningful creative interchange between disciplines whereby the sciences can inform artistic practice and intellectual content of the art. The project will continue to cultivate a lasting relationship between the three regions which share much in character and culture. Further, we see the project as an opportunity to facilitate contemporary landscape art and art about the environment, particularly in new media.

In Newfoundland and Labrador, the research for the project and artist visits have received financial and in-kind support from the Sir Wilfred Grenfell College; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency; Canada Council for the Arts; Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service, Tourism, Culture and Recreation-Parks and Natural Areas and Science Divisions; Cultural Economic Development Program—Tourism, Culture and Recreation; and the Newfoundland and Labrador Arts Council. The project is supported in Ontario by the Ontario Arts Council; City of Owen Sound; Cultural Capitals; the Escarpment Centre Ontario; and the Canada Council for the Arts. In addition, Owen Sound, Ontario, home of the Tom Thomson Art Gallery, has been designated as a Cultural Capital of Canada for 2004 addressing the theme of “People and the Land”. The Limestone Barrens Project is a cornerstone in the program that the city will present during its banner year. In Ireland, to date the project has been supported by the Model Arts and Niland Gallery; and the Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism.

Three legs of the journey:
Leg one

At the end of July, artists, writers and curators from Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario and Ireland walked the limestone barrens of Watt’s Point, Cape Norman and Burnt Cape as well as Port au Choix and Flower’s Cove on the Northern Peninsula. While in Corner Brook, the artists and writers were briefed by Joe Brazil and Gerry Yetman, scientists associated with the Limestone Barrens Conservation and Recovery Team, regarding the ecological significance of these unique areas which support a number of endangered and rare species of plants. During their visit to the Northern Peninsula they were also accompanied by Dulcie House, program supervisor of the Limestone Barrens Stewardship Program and met with Michael Burzynski and Anne Marceau of Parks Canada. Participants in this first leg of the project were: Greg Staats, Har-Prakash Khalsa and Stuart Reid, all of Ontario; Liam O'Callaghan of Ireland; David Morrish, John Steffler and Charlotte Jones, all of Corner Brook.

The second leg:

The second leg of the research trips and walks began September 22 on the Bruce Peninsula with Marlene Creates, Joe Brazil and Charlotte Jones (Newfoundland and Labrador); Sean McCrum, Liam O'Callaghan, Orla Kenny and Rob Canning (Ireland); and Har Prakash Khalsa, Kris Rosar, Liz Zetlin, and Stuart Reid (Ontario). The artists attended presentations by Jim Faught, Executive Director of the Ontario Federation of Naturalists, Lorraine Brown of the Escarpment Centre Ontario and Dr. Doug Larsen, the researcher who identified the ancient cedar forests clinging to the cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, the oldest forest in Eastern North America. They were given tours of limestone barrens along the Bruce Peninsula by Ethan Meleg and Don Wilkes of Parks Canada where they viewed cedars which were dated to 550 years, a stunning alvar at Baptist Harbour, sea stacks, and the magnificent limestone cliffs of Georgian Bay. They also were given tours by botanists Mark Wierczinski and Nels Mahar, a specialist in ferns.

The third leg:. In November, David Morrish, Kris Rosar, and Liz Zetlin, and Sean McCrum visited the Burren. There, they met with Penny Bartlett, Park Conservator for the Burren, for a half-day walking guided tour of a significant area of the Burren. They spent three days walking areas of their choice. They also met with Suzanne Woods, the Director of the Model Arts and Niland Gallery in Sligo.

 

Limestone Barrens Habitat Stewardship Program 

Long before local residents were aware of it the Great Northern Peninsula’s (GNP) Limestone Barrens were famous for its flora.  In the early 1920’s, Merritt Lyndon Fernald, an enthusiastic field botanist and a Professor of Botany at Harvard University, drew the attention of the world’s scientific community to the Limestone Barrens of the GNP.

Mr. Fernald returned to the island of Newfoundland several times, enchanted with this diverse landscape of wind-swept coastline, rocky plateaus, marshlands and its many rare plants.  Globally significant on the GNP limestone barrens are the world’s total populations of Long’s braya, Fernald’s braya, and the Barren’s willow. 

 

-Barrens Willow, Endangered

 

The coastal limestone barrens of the GNP are located in the Strait of Belle Isle Ecoregion.  The area from Port au Choix National Historic Site (PACNHS) in the South to Burnt Cape Ecological Reserve (BCER) in the North is the “hotspot” of vascular plant diversity on the island.  Out of the 298 species of vascular plants considered rare in Newfoundland – 104 occur in this region – 22 are found only in the Strait of Belle Isle
Ecoregion
.

The main threat to these plants is habitat destruction.  Since the late 1960’s human activities have damaged important sections of
the limestone barrens.  Continued degradation of the barrens endangers the future of not only the braya and willow but also an entire suite of rare
plants and their habitat.

Many of these species are arctic-alpine type plants, and visitors would normally have to travel much further North see them.  These calcium loving plants grow on the limestone barrens because they have special attributes.  Plants lacking these special qualities cannot survive on the
 imestone barrens. 

After their discovery by Mr. Fernald and his Team, these rare plants remained unknown to most, until a growing awareness and
concern for rare species began in 1990. 

In 1997 Long’s braya, Fernald’s braya, and Fernald’s milk-vetch were listed by the Committee on the Status of Endangered
 Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) as endangered, threatened and of special concern respectively. 

-Fernalds Milk-vetch, special concern (left)  and   Fernalds Braya, threatened (right)

The Barrens willow was listed by COSEWIC as an endangered species in May of 2001.  Long’s braya, Barrens willow, Fernald’s braya, and Fernald’s milk-vetch were listed under the province of Newfoundland’s Endangered Species Act in July, 2002. 

Shortly after the listing of Long’s and Fernald’s braya in 1997, the Braya Recovery Team (BRT) was established to develop Recovery Plans for each of the designated plants.  The Recovery Plans provide government with a blueprint for action outlining goals and objectives, identifying specific actions to secure the long term persistence of the natural population throughout its range.  Steps to achieving these goals include biological surveys, various types of habitat protection, monitoring, research, stewardship and restoration.

-Longs Braya, endangered

Recovery Plans for both braya species and the Barrens willow have been published and are available at the http://www.cosewic.gc.ca  web site.  The plans have been developed by experts on the species, by wildlife managers and by others with a specific stake in the species recovery.  Recommendations of the BRT include: development of a program to initiate stewardship agreements; establishment of an Ecological Reserve on the most “at risk” Long’s braya site; an education program; and restoration of some braya sites on the GNP. 

The Limestone Barrens Habitat Stewardship Program (LBHSP) was developed to assist residents and landowners to take on the responsibility of caring for this fragile habitat and rare plant species of the GNP.  The commitment of people who live and work in this environment is essential to the health and protection of the limestone barrens habitat.

The goal of the LBHSP is to enhance local and regional knowledge and preservation of limestone barrens ecology and rare plants; to instil local pride; and to promote responsible use, including eco-tourism opportunities on the limestone barrens from PACNHS to BCER at Raleigh

The LBHSP is part of a national program to preserve the habitats of endangered and threatened species of plants and animals. The program is funded by Environment Canada “Species at Risk” Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN), Parks Canada, Department of Environment and Conservation (Inland Fish & Wildlife and Parks & Natural Areas Divisions), Newfoundland and Labrador Legacy Nature Trust (NLLNT) and Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro.

The program emphasizes community education to increase awareness in the local communities and encourages residents to become custodians of this exceptional resource.  The program also focuses on restoration and conservation to ensure a viable habitat for rare and endangered species. 

The LBHSP partners hope to build an identity for the limestone barrens as a destination for naturalists, plant lovers and as a source of pride for residents of present and future generations.

Since the inception of the LBHSP residents of the peninsula have pledged to preserve its rare plants and unique habitat.  They are leaving a legacy that can be enjoyed by local people and visitors.  Through the implementation of stewardship initiatives, commitments have been made to use this ‘fragile habitat’ responsibly.

Straits Elementary School, the municipality of Flowers Cove and landowners in Sandy Cove are at the forefront of this move.  This was evidenced by the signing of three stewardship agreements on October 9th, 2002Straits Elementary School has earned the distinction of becoming the first school in Canada to sign a land stewardship agreement. 

In 2002, teachers at the school were successful in obtaining funds from the Newfoundland and Labrador Arts Council for an “Arts Smarts” project, which is a national initiative designed to bring schools, artists and communities together in art activities that are linked to educational outcomes.

Students, teachers, artist Julia Pickard and the LBHSP personnel worked together to bring special attention to the GNP limestone barrens habitat.  Under the direction of Ms. Pickard students developed creative drawings and paintings which depicted the unique flora and special features of the limestone barrens habitat.

Other groups involved in raising an awareness of the GNP limestone barrens habitat and its rare plants include members of the Port au Choix branch of the Newfoundland and Labrador Women’s Institute.  They recently crafted a quilt depicting the plants and the area of the peninsula in which they grow.  Stella Mailman, president of the Women’s Institute, says the quilt is one way the Institute thought it could assist the stewardship program.  “We’re hoping this will promote awareness of the limestone barrens and how important it is to protect these plants so that generations to come will have them to come and see.”  The quilt is being displayed by the LBHSP personnel while conducting talks with local community and school groups.

Since 2001 local Green Teams, consisting of four local young people per team, have also been playing a role in raising awareness of the GNP limestone barrens habitat.  They have conducted several Land and Community Use surveys of the habitat.  The Green Team Program is the flagship program of the Conservation Corps, and provides the organizations main workforce.  The goals of the Green Team Program are to provide youth in NL with environmental and cultural-heritage related jobs and training every year and to assist community-based organizations, municipalities and corporations with their conservation activities.

During the summer of 2003 a Green Team at Port au Choix, sponsored by Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro and the Town of Port au Choix participated in Training facilitated by members of the BRT.  The skills and knowledge learned from this training experience equipped this Green Team to develop a dictionary of plants for a walking trail at the PACNHS.  The training also prepared the Team for delivery of interpretive tours of the National Historic Sites “rare plant” walking trail.

At Raleigh, in 2003, another Green Team was sponsored by this stewardship program and the Town of Raleigh to inform the public about rare plants and their habitat.  The Raleigh Green Team hosted the first Burnt Cape Day to showcase the local limestone barrens habitat. 

In other efforts to learn more about the area and its unique ecosystems researchers from MUN have been working closely with the BRT (since 1998).  During 2003 researchers established three climate stations (at Sandy Cove airstrip, PACNHS, and BCER).  Information gathered from these stations and the biological studies will aid in decisions of how to best protect this habitat for future generations.

In 2002, NLLNT met with representatives of the BRT, LBHSP and the Nordic Regional Economic Development Board to discuss initiatives aimed to conserve plant ‘species at risk’ on the GNP.  The NLLNT offered its continued support to recovery efforts and encouraged the BRT to submit project proposals for future funding partnerships.

In September 2003, the NLLNT made a monetary contribution to the LBHSP.  The Trust also secured funds which made it possible for the LBHSP Program Coordinator to travel to the Leading Edge Conference: Conservation and Stewardship in Canada at Victoria, British Columbia, July 2003.

The impact and involvement of partners who have committed to dedicating monetary and in-kind services for this program and the hiring of a local coordinator and interpreters has played a vital role in the success of the implementation of the LBHSP to date.  Continued delivery of the LBHSP will help ensure the survival of this ‘ecosystem at risk’.

For more information about the LBHSP contact:

Dulcie House
P.O.Box 119
River of Ponds, NL
A0K 4M0
Canada
www.limestonebarrems.ca/Steward.htm